#कम्प्यूटर #डाटा #संरचनाWhat is computer and computer data? In #hindi,

कम्प्यूटर डाटा संरचना

कम्प्यूटर एक बहुत ही उपयोगी यन्त्र है । कम्प्यूटर यूजर द्वारा दिए हुए सभी प्रकार के निर्देशों को गणना के लिए संग्रहीत करता है जैसे – संख्या, नंबर, टेक्स्ट, ग्राफ़िक्स, चित्र इत्यादि। यह सभी डाटा तथा निर्देश अलग परन्तु कम्प्यूटर इन सभी डाटा तथा निर्देशों को बाइनरी भाषा में बदल कर संग्रहीत करता है । बाइनरी एक मशीन की भाषा है जिसका आधार सिर्फ दो संख्याएँ है – 0 तथा 1 । यूजर द्वारा दिए गए सभी निर्देश बाइनरी भाषा में 0 तथा 1 में परिवर्तित हो जाते है । इस प्रक्रिया को डाटा निरूपण कहते है । डाटा निरूपण के लिए दो तरीके होते है –

1. एनालॉग क्रियायें
2. डिजिटल क्रियायें

एनालॉग क्रियायें (Analog Operations)–

एनालॉग क्रियाएं लगातार परिवर्तनशील संकेत पर आधारित है । इनमे अंकों का प्रयोग नहीं होता है । एनालॉग क्रियाओं का प्रयोग विज्ञानं तथा इंजीनियरिंग के बहुत से क्षेत्रों में किया जाता है क्योंकि इन क्षेत्रों में भौतिक मात्राओं का उपयोग अधिक किया जाता है जैसे की स्पीडोमीटर, ओडोमीटर, वोल्टमीटर, थर्मामीटर इत्यादि

डिजिटल क्रियायें (Digital Operation)-

आधुनिक कम्प्यूटर डिजिटल इलेक्ट्रॉनिक सर्किट (digital electronic circuits) द्वारा निर्मित होते हैं। इस सर्किट का मुख्य भाग ट्रांजिस्टर होता है जो दो अवस्थाओं 0 तथा 1 में कार्य करता है। कम्प्यूटर में डाटा को व्यक्त करने वाली इन दो अवस्थाओं को सम्मिलित रूप से बाइनरी संख्या प्रणाली कहते हैं।

बाइनरी डाटा को स्टोर करने के लिए एक प्रणाली बनाई गई है, जिसकी सबसे छोटी इकाई बिट है ।
4 बिट्स = 1 निबल
8 बिट्स = 1 बाइट
1024 बाइट्स = 1 किलोबाइट (KB)
1024 किलोबाइट = 1 मेगाबाइट (MB)
1024 मेगाबाइट = 1 गीगाबाइट (GB)
1024 गीगाबाइट = 1 टेराबाइट (TB)

Loan Forgiveness Under the PPP and SBA EIDL Programs: 10 Things Small Businesses Need to KnowStartup Funding – Crazy About Startups / AllBusiness Feeds / 19 hours agoIf you were one of the lucky businesses to receive a Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan as provided under the CARES (Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security) Act, you currently have eight weeks to use the funds appropriately to meet the criteria for loan forgiveness or face repayment.There is still some PPP money available from Round 2 of Congressional relief, so if you haven’t yet applied and still need the money, do so immediately. There was approximately $90 billion remaining as of May 6, largely because most loans in this second round have been much smaller than in Round 1 and many larger companies have returned their loans. You will likely have better luck receiving a loan by applying through a smaller community bank as opposed to a large national bank.In addition, the regulations around both the PPP loan program and the Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) program have been changing constantly since the CARES Act was passed and will likely continue to do so. It is important to track these regulations closely. Already, leading trade associations including the American Bankers Association, the Consumer Bankers Association, and the Independent Community Bankers Association have written to Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin asking for changes to the PPP, mainly around the criteria for forgiveness.The intent of Congress and the Trump Administration when passing the PPP loans was twofold: First, give small business the funding necessary to survive the Coronavirus shutdown, which the federal government estimated would last two months. That is why the loan amount was based on your average 2019 monthly payroll multiplied by 2.5%, and forgiveness is largely based on two months of payroll. Second, to keep workers employed and on payrolls instead of sending them to the unemployment line.While these two reasons behind the loans were well meaning, they were misguided from the start and are now causing heartache for many small business owners. From day one, it was clear that forcing small business owners to keep workers on the payroll when they were effectively shut down with little or no revenue put them in the position of the unemployment office. The unemployment benefits program was also enhanced in the CARES Act to cover workers, and while no business ever wants to lay off good employees, there simply are times when that is necessary for survival.While every American hoped the shutdown would be short-lived, there is a well-known saying in business that “Hope is not a strategy.” Clearly, now we know that even with some states relaxing business shutdown restrictions, it is not sufficient to make up for lost revenue, to generate enough revenue with social distancing restrictions, or to rule out a second shutdown if we see a spike in new Coronavirus cases.Many small business owners still have questions about both obtaining the PPP and EIDL loans as well as how the forgiveness works. A good start in answering your questions is to look at the Treasury guidance issued May 5 and then talk to your banker.The following are the top 10 most frequently asked questions about loan forgiveness starting with the most pressing one about borrower liability:What is my liability exposure around the loans and forgiveness?As you likely saw reported in the media, some major brands applied for and received PPP loans. These brands included the LA Lakers, Shake Shack, Sweetgreen, and even Harvard University. While all the companies and organizations met the criteria for the PPP loan, the Trump Administration and the court of public opinion determined they did not meet the “spirit of the law,” and many returned the funds. The CARES Act offered loopholes for borrowers who have more than 500 employees and waived the “Credit Elsewhere” test (with typical SBA 7(a) loans, borrowers must document they can’t access capital from other sources). The PPP loans did not require this documentation, but put the onus on the borrower to show “good faith” that they needed the loans despite access to other sources of capital.The answer to Question 31 in the May 5 Treasury guidelines stated the following:Specifically, before submitting a PPP application, all borrowers should review carefully the required certification that “[c]urrent economic uncertainty makes this loan request necessary to support the ongoing operations of the Applicant.” Borrowers must make this certification in good faith, taking into account their current business activity and their ability to access other sources of liquidity sufficient to support their ongoing operations in a manner that is not significantly detrimental to the business.This somewhat ambiguous standard has made many small businesses nervous that they will not meet this “good faith” test, and will have to repay the loan or worse, suffer penalties—perhaps even criminal penalties. So, what should you be worried about with the “good faith” standard?First, the stern warning from Secretary Mnuchin about audits and liability were aimed at large companies, many of whom are public, that do have other sources of capital; it was not directed at small, independently owned companies. The guidance further explains that companies that have received over $2 million in loans will be automatically audited by the SBA and Treasury to determine if this standard was met.If your business obtained under $500,000 or perhaps even under $1,000,000 in PPP loans, it is highly unlikely this audit will occur and you will face any liability. It is important to remember, it is your lender who will review documentation after 8 weeks to determine forgiveness based on use of funds; 75% for payroll and 25% for rent, utilities, and interest payments. Lenders are working towards an easy mechanism to approve forgiveness of most loans “at the push of button” and forsake lengthy reviews.Furthermore, while this “good faith” standard does need further clarification, the fact remains that the government instituted the shutdown that every American business had to abide by. This forced closure of our economy made the future uncertain and, as we are now seeing, that remains so. Therefore, even if your business had other sources of capital like a line of credit, it will be extremely difficult for your bank or the government to determine under those circumstances that the average business was not acting in “good faith” when showing the need for a PPP loan.This being said, it is probably a good idea to document the state of your business and your need on or around the date you applied for the PPP loan. If you are a retailer or restaurant, the simple fact of being shut down should suffice, and for any business, the reality of lost future sales, canceled orders, and uncertainty about the length of the shutdown should suffice to show “good faith.” Just remember, the government and the banks want these loans forgiven, so presuming you used the funds appropriately, that should be the case.When do I have to start tracking the use of the PPP funds?At this point, the use of funds must begin upon receipt and extend out eight weeks in order for the loan to be forgiven. You cannot sit on the money. It is a common complaint about the program that businesses don’t want to use the funds to pay their employees to do nothing and want to wait until they reopen or have further certainty about the shutdown. This is a valid concern that makes sense, but this requirement can only change with an act of Congress, which is unlikely to occur. Use the money upon receipt.Do I have to use at least 75% of the PPP loan on payroll?Yes. As outlined above, for better or for worse, the intent of the PPP program was to keep workers on the payroll and off unemployment. Business owners should have the freedom to use the funds as they see fit on other major expenses like rent, but Congress opted for payroll. While business groups and associations are lobbying to reduce the percentage used on payroll to 50%, you can’t count on that and should assume the status quo. For complete forgiveness, ensure you are using at least 75% of the funds on payroll.If I laid off workers, do I need to rehire the same employees to meet the payroll requirement?No. Your bank will not check to see if you hired the same employee back, but simply that your payroll amount is the same or greater than the 2019 average upon which the loan amount was based. If you do extend an offer to an employee who rejects it, you may want to ensure the correspondence is in writing for future reference. But, even if that employee rejects your offer for reemployment, your obligation to use the PPP funds on payroll remains based on the 2019 numbers.Do I need to hire the same position or keep employees in the same jobs?No. Again, your lender will be looking at the amount you spent on payroll, not who fills what job. This is a good way to make use of the funds in a positive way. For example, instead of rehiring that sales rep, you could hire a web developer to revamp your website. Or you could shift roles and responsibilities of existing employees to meet the needs of your changing business model. Just note that the position must be a full-time employee and not a contractor in order to count towards forgiveness.What if I’m still nervous and want to give my loan back?The recent Treasury guidelines extended the date to return the funds with no questions asked until May 14.What if I don’t use the funds for payroll or rent, utilities, or interest payments?While many groups are lobbying to change the allocations for how the funds should be used, it is best to assume those rules will not change. The rules allow for some variance between the approved and non-approved expenses due to miscalculations or an unforeseen issue, such as an employee quitting. That variance will be converted into the two-year note at 1% interest with a six-month deferral of the first payment. But, the borrower is certifying on the PPP loan application that they will use at least 75% on payroll and the other 25% on rent, utilities, and interest payments. So, if you do not use the funds accordingly, it will raise questions from your lender and potentially from the SBA and Treasury as well, something that you do want to avoid.What documentation should I use with my lender to show the money was spent according to the regulations?The easiest solution would be to reach out to your payroll provider, such as ADP, to prepare reports showing the funds were used for payroll. It should be as simple as that. In addition, provide bills and canceled checks for your rent, mortgage, utilities, or interest payments if you used the funds for those purposes. If you don’t use a payroll company, then follow the outline of a Schedule C form with backup documentation to show how the money was spent. This can include canceled checks, bank transfers, and the payment of acceptable expenses. You should reach out to your payroll provider now and start documenting these expenses. If possible, it is also advisable to keep PPP funds in a separate bank account and make all forgivable expenses out of this dedicated account.When can I apply for forgiveness?Most lenders will begin processing forgiveness applications at seven weeks from fund disbursement. It is advisable to reach out to your banker now to confirm this and to double-check on what documentation your particular lender will want to see. Again, the lender will make the decision on forgiveness.What is the status of the EIDL loan program?The EIDL program is still processing applications already received. However, they are not accepting any new applications except from agricultural companies. The EIDL grant program was reduced from $10,000 per company to $1,000 per employee up to 10 employees. This grant is an advance on any potential loan and does not have to be repaid. It has been reported in the media that the maximum loan amount was reduced from $2 million to $150,000 per applicant, but the SBA has yet to publicly confirm that. The EIDL loan must be repaid over up to a 30-year term at 3.75% interest for businesses and 2.75% for nonprofits, with a one-year deferment on the first payment.ConclusionWhile some regulatory clarification and changes to the PPP program are still needed, the overall requirements and structure of the program are straightforward and are unlikely to change. For most businesses, the need for the funds is clear and if the money is used on payroll as intended, it will be forgiven without any liability concerns. It is by no means the perfect system, but for those companies receiving the funds, it should be a good source of capital in the short term. It is time, however, for all companies to start thinking about additional sources of capital as the pandemic continues to impact our economy.Other Articles From AllBusiness.com:Small Business Relief: COVID-19 Resources for StartupsFinancial Help for Freelancers and Independent Contractors Affected by the Coronavirus CrisisWhat Advice Are Venture Capitalists Giving to Startups in Light of the Coronavirus?5 Ways to Improve Employee Communication During the COVID-19 CrisisNewly Available CARES Act Loans: 10 Things Small Businesses Need to KnowThe post Loan Forgiveness Under the PPP and SBA EIDL Programs: 10 Things Small Businesses Need to Know appeared first on AllBusiness.com. Click for more information about Neil Hare. Copyright 2020 by AllBusiness.com. All rights reserved. The content and images contained in this RSS feed may only be used through an RSS reader and may not be reproduced on another website without the express written permission of the owner of AllBusiness.com.Source: AllBusiness FeedsAuthor: Neil HareThe post Loan Forgiveness Under the PPP and SBA EIDL Programs: 10 Things Small Businesses Need to Know appeared first on Crazy About Startups.Visit websiteLoan Forgiveness Under the PPP and SBA EIDL Programs: 10 Things Small Businesses Need to KnowStartup Funding – Crazy About Startups / AllBusiness Feeds / 19 hours agoIf you were one of the lucky businesses to receive a Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan as provided under the CARES (Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security) Act, you currently have eight weeks to use the funds appropriately to meet the criteria for loan forgiveness or face repayment.There is still some PPP money available from Round 2 of Congressional relief, so if you haven’t yet applied and still need the money, do so immediately. There was approximately $90 billion remaining as of May 6, largely because most loans in this second round have been much smaller than in Round 1 and many larger companies have returned their loans. You will likely have better luck receiving a loan by applying through a smaller community bank as opposed to a large national bank.In addition, the regulations around both the PPP loan program and the Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) program have been changing constantly since the CARES Act was passed and will likely continue to do so. It is important to track these regulations closely. Already, leading trade associations including the American Bankers Association, the Consumer Bankers Association, and the Independent Community Bankers Association have written to Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin asking for changes to the PPP, mainly around the criteria for forgiveness.The intent of Congress and the Trump Administration when passing the PPP loans was twofold: First, give small business the funding necessary to survive the Coronavirus shutdown, which the federal government estimated would last two months. That is why the loan amount was based on your average 2019 monthly payroll multiplied by 2.5%, and forgiveness is largely based on two months of payroll. Second, to keep workers employed and on payrolls instead of sending them to the unemployment line.While these two reasons behind the loans were well meaning, they were misguided from the start and are now causing heartache for many small business owners. From day one, it was clear that forcing small business owners to keep workers on the payroll when they were effectively shut down with little or no revenue put them in the position of the unemployment office. The unemployment benefits program was also enhanced in the CARES Act to cover workers, and while no business ever wants to lay off good employees, there simply are times when that is necessary for survival.While every American hoped the shutdown would be short-lived, there is a well-known saying in business that “Hope is not a strategy.” Clearly, now we know that even with some states relaxing business shutdown restrictions, it is not sufficient to make up for lost revenue, to generate enough revenue with social distancing restrictions, or to rule out a second shutdown if we see a spike in new Coronavirus cases.Many small business owners still have questions about both obtaining the PPP and EIDL loans as well as how the forgiveness works. A good start in answering your questions is to look at the Treasury guidance issued May 5 and then talk to your banker.The following are the top 10 most frequently asked questions about loan forgiveness starting with the most pressing one about borrower liability:What is my liability exposure around the loans and forgiveness?As you likely saw reported in the media, some major brands applied for and received PPP loans. These brands included the LA Lakers, Shake Shack, Sweetgreen, and even Harvard University. While all the companies and organizations met the criteria for the PPP loan, the Trump Administration and the court of public opinion determined they did not meet the “spirit of the law,” and many returned the funds. The CARES Act offered loopholes for borrowers who have more than 500 employees and waived the “Credit Elsewhere” test (with typical SBA 7(a) loans, borrowers must document they can’t access capital from other sources). The PPP loans did not require this documentation, but put the onus on the borrower to show “good faith” that they needed the loans despite access to other sources of capital.The answer to Question 31 in the May 5 Treasury guidelines stated the following:Specifically, before submitting a PPP application, all borrowers should review carefully the required certification that “[c]urrent economic uncertainty makes this loan request necessary to support the ongoing operations of the Applicant.” Borrowers must make this certification in good faith, taking into account their current business activity and their ability to access other sources of liquidity sufficient to support their ongoing operations in a manner that is not significantly detrimental to the business.This somewhat ambiguous standard has made many small businesses nervous that they will not meet this “good faith” test, and will have to repay the loan or worse, suffer penalties—perhaps even criminal penalties. So, what should you be worried about with the “good faith” standard?First, the stern warning from Secretary Mnuchin about audits and liability were aimed at large companies, many of whom are public, that do have other sources of capital; it was not directed at small, independently owned companies. The guidance further explains that companies that have received over $2 million in loans will be automatically audited by the SBA and Treasury to determine if this standard was met.If your business obtained under $500,000 or perhaps even under $1,000,000 in PPP loans, it is highly unlikely this audit will occur and you will face any liability. It is important to remember, it is your lender who will review documentation after 8 weeks to determine forgiveness based on use of funds; 75% for payroll and 25% for rent, utilities, and interest payments. Lenders are working towards an easy mechanism to approve forgiveness of most loans “at the push of button” and forsake lengthy reviews.Furthermore, while this “good faith” standard does need further clarification, the fact remains that the government instituted the shutdown that every American business had to abide by. This forced closure of our economy made the future uncertain and, as we are now seeing, that remains so. Therefore, even if your business had other sources of capital like a line of credit, it will be extremely difficult for your bank or the government to determine under those circumstances that the average business was not acting in “good faith” when showing the need for a PPP loan.This being said, it is probably a good idea to document the state of your business and your need on or around the date you applied for the PPP loan. If you are a retailer or restaurant, the simple fact of being shut down should suffice, and for any business, the reality of lost future sales, canceled orders, and uncertainty about the length of the shutdown should suffice to show “good faith.” Just remember, the government and the banks want these loans forgiven, so presuming you used the funds appropriately, that should be the case.When do I have to start tracking the use of the PPP funds?At this point, the use of funds must begin upon receipt and extend out eight weeks in order for the loan to be forgiven. You cannot sit on the money. It is a common complaint about the program that businesses don’t want to use the funds to pay their employees to do nothing and want to wait until they reopen or have further certainty about the shutdown. This is a valid concern that makes sense, but this requirement can only change with an act of Congress, which is unlikely to occur. Use the money upon receipt.Do I have to use at least 75% of the PPP loan on payroll?Yes. As outlined above, for better or for worse, the intent of the PPP program was to keep workers on the payroll and off unemployment. Business owners should have the freedom to use the funds as they see fit on other major expenses like rent, but Congress opted for payroll. While business groups and associations are lobbying to reduce the percentage used on payroll to 50%, you can’t count on that and should assume the status quo. For complete forgiveness, ensure you are using at least 75% of the funds on payroll.If I laid off workers, do I need to rehire the same employees to meet the payroll requirement?No. Your bank will not check to see if you hired the same employee back, but simply that your payroll amount is the same or greater than the 2019 average upon which the loan amount was based. If you do extend an offer to an employee who rejects it, you may want to ensure the correspondence is in writing for future reference. But, even if that employee rejects your offer for reemployment, your obligation to use the PPP funds on payroll remains based on the 2019 numbers.Do I need to hire the same position or keep employees in the same jobs?No. Again, your lender will be looking at the amount you spent on payroll, not who fills what job. This is a good way to make use of the funds in a positive way. For example, instead of rehiring that sales rep, you could hire a web developer to revamp your website. Or you could shift roles and responsibilities of existing employees to meet the needs of your changing business model. Just note that the position must be a full-time employee and not a contractor in order to count towards forgiveness.What if I’m still nervous and want to give my loan back?The recent Treasury guidelines extended the date to return the funds with no questions asked until May 14.What if I don’t use the funds for payroll or rent, utilities, or interest payments?While many groups are lobbying to change the allocations for how the funds should be used, it is best to assume those rules will not change. The rules allow for some variance between the approved and non-approved expenses due to miscalculations or an unforeseen issue, such as an employee quitting. That variance will be converted into the two-year note at 1% interest with a six-month deferral of the first payment. But, the borrower is certifying on the PPP loan application that they will use at least 75% on payroll and the other 25% on rent, utilities, and interest payments. So, if you do not use the funds accordingly, it will raise questions from your lender and potentially from the SBA and Treasury as well, something that you do want to avoid.What documentation should I use with my lender to show the money was spent according to the regulations?The easiest solution would be to reach out to your payroll provider, such as ADP, to prepare reports showing the funds were used for payroll. It should be as simple as that. In addition, provide bills and canceled checks for your rent, mortgage, utilities, or interest payments if you used the funds for those purposes. If you don’t use a payroll company, then follow the outline of a Schedule C form with backup documentation to show how the money was spent. This can include canceled checks, bank transfers, and the payment of acceptable expenses. You should reach out to your payroll provider now and start documenting these expenses. If possible, it is also advisable to keep PPP funds in a separate bank account and make all forgivable expenses out of this dedicated account.When can I apply for forgiveness?Most lenders will begin processing forgiveness applications at seven weeks from fund disbursement. It is advisable to reach out to your banker now to confirm this and to double-check on what documentation your particular lender will want to see. Again, the lender will make the decision on forgiveness.What is the status of the EIDL loan program?The EIDL program is still processing applications already received. However, they are not accepting any new applications except from agricultural companies. The EIDL grant program was reduced from $10,000 per company to $1,000 per employee up to 10 employees. This grant is an advance on any potential loan and does not have to be repaid. It has been reported in the media that the maximum loan amount was reduced from $2 million to $150,000 per applicant, but the SBA has yet to publicly confirm that. The EIDL loan must be repaid over up to a 30-year term at 3.75% interest for businesses and 2.75% for nonprofits, with a one-year deferment on the first payment.ConclusionWhile some regulatory clarification and changes to the PPP program are still needed, the overall requirements and structure of the program are straightforward and are unlikely to change. For most businesses, the need for the funds is clear and if the money is used on payroll as intended, it will be forgiven without any liability concerns. It is by no means the perfect system, but for those companies receiving the funds, it should be a good source of capital in the short term. It is time, however, for all companies to start thinking about additional sources of capital as the pandemic continues to impact our economy.Other Articles From AllBusiness.com:Small Business Relief: COVID-19 Resources for StartupsFinancial Help for Freelancers and Independent Contractors Affected by the Coronavirus CrisisWhat Advice Are Venture Capitalists Giving to Startups in Light of the Coronavirus?5 Ways to Improve Employee Communication During the COVID-19 CrisisNewly Available CARES Act Loans: 10 Things Small Businesses Need to KnowThe post Loan Forgiveness Under the PPP and SBA EIDL Programs: 10 Things Small Businesses Need to Know appeared first on AllBusiness.com. Click for more information about Neil Hare. Copyright 2020 by AllBusiness.com. All rights reserved. The content and images contained in this RSS feed may only be used through an RSS reader and may not be reproduced on another website without the express written permission of the owner of AllBusiness.com.Source: AllBusiness FeedsAuthor: Neil HareThe post Loan Forgiveness Under the PPP and SBA EIDL Programs: 10 Things Small Businesses Need to Know appeared first on Crazy About Startups.Visit website

It is time

The Universe Is “Looking” at Us

1/5

No one knows how big the universe is, but we know that the universe is composed of countless types of celestial bodies, including stars, nebulae, planets, etc. In addition to these more common celestial bodies, there are some special-looking celestial bodies , Such as the “Eye of God” nebula. In addition to it like eyes, there are two other celestial bodies like eyes.

2/5

“Eye of God” Nebula: Have you heard the Eye of God? The Eye of God is the Spiral Nebula NGC 7293. Because it looks like a human eye, it is called the eye of God. The Eye of God was discovered in 1780 by a Charles Myschel.

3/5

The Eye of God is about 60 million light-years away from the earth and moves at a speed of more than 1,000 miles per second. In addition, the characteristics of the Eye of God are very significant. This nebula has an internal disc. It is estimated that the inner ring of this planetary nebula has expanded for 6,500 years and the outer ring has expanded for 12,100 years. If the entire nebula is compared to an egg, the raised part in the center is equivalent to egg yolk, and the surrounding part is equivalent to egg white.

4/5

Giant “eyeball” planet: In the exploration of the universe, scientists found a planet similar to a giant eyeball. Its unique appearance is very rare, but unfortunately, there should be no possibility of life in appearance. According to scientists’ analysis, A planet is a planet outside the solar system. The whole planet is divided into two halves, half of which are all oceans, while the other side is a thick ice shell.

5/5

“Looking Back” Nebula: The European Southern Observatory (ESO) recently released a picture full of mysterious colors. The nebula constitutes a strange pattern, as if there are a pair of eyes “looking back” at the depths of the universe. In fact, this is a pair of interacting galaxies, forming a structure that looks like eyes. In fact, this type of galaxy collision is not uncommon, but humans rarely observe this binocular structure.

Best city to Start A Business

1/5

New York is the best city in the world for entrepreneurship. I say this because New York is the capital of entrepreneurship in verticals. Although Silicon Valley now has a greater share of venture capital, New York is getting venture capital faster. The main driving force is because New York successfully built itself into a vertical entrepreneurial capital: New York has countless startups focused on verticals, such as financial technology, fashion technology, and media technology.

2/5

And New York is more diverse. The advantage of New York’s technology community is that it is more diverse. Although not perfect, New York companies are much more diverse than Silicon Valley companies. 40% of tech workers in New York are women and 20% of tech workers are Colored people. This is not just because of New York’s demographic composition, but also because New York companies offer more different kinds of jobs. This can produce good returns. According to McKinsey research, the probability that a diversified company will generate ultra-high returns after listing is 35% higher than other companies.

3/5

The most important thing is the unique vitality of New York. New York is constantly breeding rebels, innovators, and free thinkers to enable them to build fun and great companies. New York has a large student population, and these people come from a variety of cultural backgrounds. It is therefore easier for New York to attract any talent.

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Therefore, the best companies will almost always choose New York as the location of their US or North American headquarters. Because New York can bring excellent people with an international background and vision. The energy that these people’s mind collisions bring is not in Silicon Valley. This vitality has stimulated innovation and investment.

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Michael Bloomberg predicts that the new engineering school in New York will generate 400 new companies in the next 30 years, and that the number of college students in New York has exceeded the total population of Boston. At the same time, anyone who has taken the New York subway knows what New Yorkers do when they line up.

Tips For Photographer to Shoot Flowers

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Shooting flowers is one of the most interesting and meaningful types of photography. However, even for experienced photographers, shooting flowers may not be very smooth. Shooting the perfect flower image usually requires camera settings, lighting adjustments, etc., not to mention innovative methods for subject shooting. In this article, you will learn the most basic methods and techniques of flower photography, let’s take a look!

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Composition, the last aspect to be considered in flower photography is composition. This may seem a little embarrassing to beginners, but using some simple composition guidelines can help you take better photos of flowers immediately.

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Fill the frame. In flower photography, you rarely want a lot of blank space in the frame. More white space means more opportunities for distraction, confusion, and loss of influence. Therefore, instead of leaving space around the flowers, move them closer to fill the picture as much as possible.

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Keep it simple. In flower photography (or any other type of photography), it’s important to have focus. It can be the edges of the petals, the flower itself, the flower and its surroundings, but in any case, you have to make sure to attract the viewer’s eyes to that position. One of the easiest ways to ensure focus is the simplicity of the picture. Therefore, before taking a picture, eliminate all elements that may be distracting. This includes defocused stems and bright or dark spots in the background that do not fit the entire image.

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By following these flower shooting tips, you will greatly improve the level of flower photography. Although there are many factors to consider, I believe you will immediately take beautiful flower photos.

Discover The Secrets of The Lighthouse

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The lighthouse is a high-tower-shaped building. Lighting equipment should be installed on the tower item. The location should be prominent, and it should be noted that it should have a specific architectural shape, which can be easily distinguished by ships. Because the surface of the earth is curved, the tower must have a sufficient height so that the lights can be seen by long-distance ships, and the line of sight is generally 15-25 nautical miles.

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The lighthouse consists of lamps and towers. The tower body can be constructed from various building materials. It is mainly to adapt to and resist harsh natural conditions such as wind and waves to maintain its stability and durability. That lighthouse that can reach 15-25 nautical miles, where does the light source come from? Why can it shine so far?

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In very ancient lighthouses, a kerosene lamp was used as the light source, and the mainspring of the lighthouse manually operated the clockwork to rotate the lens system that focused the light. The lens system often floats in mercury to prevent friction. In modern lighthouses, electric lights and clockwork are externally supplied with electricity, while diesel-powered generators operate, and power is provided for the people in charge of the lighthouse. Some lighthouses are powered by solar power.

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If you want to increase the brightness, you need very large lenses, and you may not even be able to bear the weight of the lighthouse. Fresnel lens (Fresnel lens) came into being, its design greatly reduced the weight and capacity of the lens without changing the focal distance.

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In modern automated lighthouses, rotating lenses emit very bright light from omnidirectional systems. In many design and observation lighthouses, people prefer to see continuous but faint light, so strong light is only emitted at short intervals after the faint light. These momentary bright lighthouses are arranged as special lighthouses that emit light at intervals.

Dreamland Is a Parallel Universe Inlet

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Quantum mechanics theory can well explain the parallel universe that humans do not know. The theory explains that one thing can happen in different directions, but after all it is in this universe or the second universe. Because both follow the same principles, but humans have not been able to discover the true face of another universe.

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According to this theory, all events in the universe not only occur once, there are several planets in the universe that have life. In the universe, there is only one person with the same mind, appearance, movement, and name as you. If there are enough people, there is not only one person who is exactly the same as you.

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Scientists have discovered that dreams may be the entrance to a parallel world. Dreams are more than just subconscious thoughts. The scene in the dream may come from what has happened in real life, or it may come from what you do in parallel spacetime. When a person’s body is asleep, dreams may bring human consciousness to another world.

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Scientists are also emphasizing that we are not far from the parallel world, and it is possible that we did not notice it when we were there. Suppose we have a book on the table and find it missing after a while, but wait for a while and it appears again. Suppose we go to a strange place, but we have a familiar feeling, but we cannot remember when we have been here. These are all related to the parallel world.

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The development of quantum mechanics theory is limited, and there are still some unexplainable phenomena. It is hoped that one day in the future, the level of human science and technology will reach a certain level, human beings can correctly interpret the phenomenon of dreams, and be able to verify the true existence of the parallel world.